China is developing both bilateral and multilateral trade to offset potential risks in a shifting global geopolitical landscape. In Africa, China boosted trade with 52 countries participating in the Belt and Road Initiative and promoted cross-border Chinese yuan settlement. In 2025, Beijing announced a zero-tariff policy for all exports from 53 African countries with diplomatic ties. In South Asia, bilateral trade between China and ASEAN from 2010 to 2025 achieved an average annual growth rate of 8.9 percent to reach more than US$1 trillion in 2025. China's cross-border e-commerce vendors have flocked to Latin America, particularly Mexico, to meet growing demand. Meanwhile, China maintains cooperation with the US and EU in terms of trade and port commerce. Experts have pointed out that these diverse partnerships can help Chinese enterprises address uncertainties and enhance competitiveness by focusing on high-value development.
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